Neanderthals Might Have Been Our Ancestors After All
sources:
'Recombination of Human Mitochondrial DNA'
Science Vol. 304. no. 5673, p. 981 14th May 2004
'A fathers shock legacy?'
by Philip Cohen
New Scientist 22nd May 2004
In 'The Song of the Grey's' Nigel Kerner claims that modern Homo sapiens sapiens is descended, in part, from Homo neanderthalensis (commonly referred to as 'Neanderthal man'). This is ostensibly a highly controversial claim as the first examination of the mitochondrial DNA of Neanderthal fossils seemed to indicate that we are wholly unrelated to Neanderthal man. However, Nigel Kerner suggests that these results, portrayed in the media as almost certain proof that Neanderthal DNA does not contribute to the human genome, are by no means conclusive. Here is a quote from the sequel to 'The Song of the Grey's' ('Alien Greys and the Harvesting of Souls')
"Several studies into the mitochondrial DNA of Neanderthal fossils have concluded that Neanderthal man does not feature in the genetic ancestry of modern man. However many scientists feel that these results are far from conclusive. First, the results pertain only to mitochondrial DNA which is only passed from mother to child. So, if there were some interbreeding and it were generally the case that the husband moved to join the race of his wife there would be no trace of Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA in the modern human genome. If Neanderthal nuclear DNA were studied then the results would be more accurate as nuclear DNA is passed on by both parents. However, as yet no examples of Neanderthal nuclear DNA have been successfully extracted so there is no conclusive evidence that Neanderthal nuclear genes have not been passed on to the human gene pool. It is also possible that modern man has, in his gene pool, contributions from lines of Neanderthal man that predate those Neanderthal fossils from whom the samples were taken. .Some time in the past, selection for a favourable mitochondrial genotype may have caused that genotype to spread across the globe eliminating much of the earlier mtDNA diversity (Adcock et al, 2001a:541). If that were the case then Mt DNA sequences from Neanderthal remains predating that change would differ from ours, even if Neanderthals were among our ancestors.
If I am right about the alien genetic interception of these prior hominid lines, a mitochondrial trace of Neanderthal specimens may be so affected by alien interference that any analysis of them using only conventional scientific yardsticks could well be meaningless. Less than a handful of Neanderthals have in fact been tested so far. If a larger sample were tested it might reveal that some Neanderthals are related to modern humans while others are not."
In May 2004 Science magazine published the results of a study highlighting the case of a man who inherited his mitochondrial DNA in part from his father. The possibility of mitochondrial DNA passing from father to offspring flies in the face of the commonly accepted belief that mitochondrial DNA is only passed down from the mother. The validity of the data retrieved by studies that research human ancestry through a focus on mitochondrial DNA rests on this, seemingly mistaken, belief. Therefore the results of the aforementioned research into Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA suggesting no connection between modern man and Neanderthal man are thrown into considerable doubt.
The study involved a man who suffers from muscle weakness. Doctors found that this man's muscles tired easily because they contained mutant mitochondria, the energy-producing structures inside cells. However the fact that astounded the doctors was that most of his muscle mitochondria came from his father,. This flew in the face of the commonly accepted notion that mitochondria are always inherited from the mother. Sperm are packed with mitochondria but until now it was thought these are always destroyed after fertilisation.
Mitochondria, thought to have evolved from symbiotic bacteria, possess their own DNA encoding a few dozen genes. It was thought that human mitochondria do not swap large segments of DNA in the way that the chromosomes in a cell nucleus do during sexual reproduction. But in 0.7 per cent of the man's muscle mitochondria, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contained a mixture of sequences from his father's and his mother's mitochondria (Science, vol 304, p 981).